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Πηγή blog.world-mysteries.com / "Η εταιρεία BlackLight Power, Inc. ανακοίνωσε την επιτυχή
παραγωγή ισχύος εκατομμυρίων  βατ μεσω της μετατροπής του νερού σε μια νεα μορφή υδρογόνου
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φαινομένου."
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ότι αυτό συνεπάγεται.

Has “Free” Energy arrived?

BlackLight Power, Inc. announces the achievement of the intermittent generation of millions of watts of power from the conversion of water fuel to a new form of hydrogen and the conversion of optical power output to electricity using photovoltaic conversion. 

April 03, 2014 04:17 PM Eastern Daylight Time

http://www.blacklightpower.com/wp-content/uploads/pdf/Press_Release_040214.pdf

Harnessing the Ultimate Source of Power

Electrical Power from Water Fuel

BlackLight has produced millions of watts of power in a volume that is one ten thousandths of a liter corresponding to a power density of over an astonishing 100 billion watts per liter. BlackLight’s nonpolluting power-producing SF-CIHT cell catalytically converts H2O-based solid fuel directly into brilliant light-emitting plasma power, an essentially fully ionized gaseous physical state of the fuel comprising essentially positive ions and free electrons. The SF-CIHT cell plasma is the same temperature as the Sun emitting the same solar spectrum of light, but at extraordinary power equivalent to 50,000 times the Sun’s intensity at the Earth’s surface. Optical power is converted directly into electricity using photovoltaic cells (solar cells). Very high-power, high-efficiency cells are commercially available convert the SF-CIHT cell optical power

directly into electricity at its 100 billion watts per liter power density. Patents are filed worldwide.

BLP estimates that the device of less than one cubic foot in size can generate enough electricity to power 10,000 homes at less than 1% the cost of conventional power sources. 

  

 

BlackLight Power, Inc. Announces Sustained Production of Electricity Using Photovoltaic Conversion of the Millions of Watts of Brilliant Plasma Formed by the Reaction of Water to a More Stable Form of Hydrogen

CRANBURY, N.J.–(BUSINESS WIRE)–BlackLight Power, Inc. today announces that it achieved sustained electricity production from a primary new energy source by using photovoltaic technology to transform brilliant plasma, with power comprising millions of watts of light, directly into electricity. By applying a very high current through its proprietary water-based solid fuel in BlackLight Power’s breakthrough Solid Fuel-Catalyst-Induced-Hydrino-Transition (SF-CIHT) technology, water ignites into brilliant plasma, an extraordinary bright flash of extraordinary optical power that has a power density of over 1,000,000 times that of any prior controllable reaction. Remarkably, the light emitted from the plasma is nearly a perfect spectral equivalent of the Sun, but at 50,000 times the intensity. BlackLight Power has now successfully converted the brilliant plasma directly into electricity using photovoltaic cells (solar cells) which have been increasingly perfected to convert the Sun spectrum into electricity for more than five decades costing an estimated $1 trillion.

Using a proprietary water-based solid fuel confined between opposing roller electrodes of a SF-CIHT cell, and applying a current of 12,000 amps through the fuel, water ignites into an extraordinary bright flash of optical power. The fuel was sequentially fed into the electrodes to produce pulses of millions of watts of power in a volume that is one ten thousandths of a liter corresponding to a power density of over an astonishing 100 billion watts per liter. As a comparison, the electrical output power of a central power generation plant is typically 1 billion watts from a boiler 100 million times larger. The H₂O-based fuel ignition produced brilliant plasma, an essentially fully ionized gaseous physical state of the fuel comprising essentially positive ions and free electrons. From a spectroscopic signature called a blackbody curve, the SF-CIHT cell plasma was determined to have the same temperature as the Sun emitting the same solar spectrum of light, but at extraordinary power equivalent to 50,000 times the Sun’s intensity at the Earth’s surface. Optical power was converted directly into electricity using photovoltaic cells (solar cells). Simply replacing the consumed H₂O regenerated the fuel, and the fuel can be continuously fed into the electrodes to continuously output optical power that can be converted into electricity.

Our safe, non-polluting power-producing system catalytically converts the hydrogen of the H₂O-based solid fuel into a non-polluting product, lower-energy state hydrogen called “Hydrino,” by allowing the electrons to fall to smaller radii around the nucleus. The energy release is 200 times that of burning the equivalent amount of hydrogen with oxygen. Due to this extraordinary energy release, H₂O can serve as the source of hydrogen fuel to form hydrinos and oxygen.

Based on a spectroscopic technique called Stark line broadening, the power was determined to be in the form of fully ionized brilliant plasma, a gaseous brilliantly glowing ionized physical state of the fuel comprising essentially positive ions and free electrons. The plasma particles recombine to emit light that can be converted directly to electricity using commercially available, mass-produced photovoltaic or solar cells. Very high-power, high efficiency cells are commercially available to convert the SF-CIHT cell optical power directly into electric at its 100 billion watts per liter power density.

Using readily-available components, BlackLight has developed a system engineering design of an electric generator that is closed, except for the addition of H₂O fuel, and generates ten million watts of electricity, enough to power ten thousand homes. Remarkably, the device is less than a cubic foot in volume. The SF-CIHT cell uses cheap, abundant, nontoxic, commodity chemicals, with no apparent long-term supply issues that might preclude commercial, high volume manufacturing. 

Moreover, the power converter is mass-produced for the solar power industry. The SF-CIHT cell power is in the form of light that has the same spectral composition as sunlight. With the discovery of the photovoltaic effect by Becquerel in 1839 and the invention of the first modern solar cell by Bell Labs, an era of cheap clean energy from the Sun was envisioned for mankind. Realization of that vision is enabled by the invention of the SF-CIHT cell that overcomes the impediment of the very low power density of sunlight. With advances since its inception, solar cells have demonstrated the capacity to convert light into electricity at tens of thousands of times higher power levels than sunlight at much higher efficiency at high versus low light intensity. At 50,000 times brighter than sunlight, the corresponding reduction in the area of the photovoltaic converter gives rise to a projected cost of the SF-CIHT cell of about $25/kW compared to over one hundred times that for conventional power sources of electricity.Applications and markets for the SF-CIHT cell extend across the global power spectrum, including thermal, stationary electrical power, motive, and defense. Given the independence from existing infrastructure, grid in the case of electricity and fuels in the case of motive power, the SF-CIHT power source is a further game changer for all forms of transportation: automobile, freight trucks, rail, marine, aviation, and aerospace in that the power density is one million times that of the engine of a Formula One racer, and ten million times that of a jet engine.

The energy release of H₂O fuel, freely available in the humidity in the air, is one hundred times that of an equivalent amount of high-octane gasoline. This technology is enabling of a conventional-sized and powered car to travel 3000 miles on a liter of water without producing pollution.To protect its innovations and inventions, multiple worldwide patent applicationshave been filed on BlackLight’s proprietary technology.

The disclosure of one of BlackLight’s patent applications that was recently-filed worldwide, its10 MW electric SF-CIHT cell system engineering design and simulation, an automotive application simulation, high-speed video of millions of watts of SF-CIHT cell plasma, and a video of the pulsed production of millions of watts of light with photovoltaic conversion into electricity are publicly available on BlackLight’s webpage (http://www.blacklightpower.com/).

About BlackLight PowerBlackLight Power, Inc. is the inventor of a new primary energy source applicable to essentially all power applications such as thermal, electrical, automotive, trucking, rail, marine, aviation, aerospace, and defense. The BlackLight Process, the power source, is the process of releasing the latent energy of the hydrogen atom by forming Hydrinos. The SF-CIHT cell was invented by Dr. Mills to release this energy directly as electricity from water as the only source of fuel.For more information, please visit http://www.blacklightpower.com/

Glossary:BlackLight Process: A novel chemical process invented by Dr. Mills causing the latent energy stored in the hydrogen atom to be released as a new primary energy source.

Hydrino: Hydrinos are a new form of hydrogen theoretically predicted by Dr. Mills and produced and characterized by BlackLight. Hydrinos are produced during the BlackLight Process as energy is released from the hydrogen atom as the electron transitions to a lower-energy state resulting in a smaller radius hydrogen atom. The identity of the dark matter of the universe as Hydrinos is supported by BlackLight’s spectroscopic and analytical results as well as astrophysical observations.

SF-CIHT Cell: Each SF-CIHT cell comprises two electrodes that confine a highly electrically conducive H₂O-based solid fuel that serves as a source of reactants to form Hydrinos. A low-voltage, very high current (about one thousand times that of household currents) ignites the water to form hydrinos and cause a burst of brilliant-light-emitting plasma power of millions of watts that can be directly converted to electricity using proven photovoltaic cells that are commercially available for converting light to electric power.

Photovoltaic or Solar Cell: Each cell comprises a flat panel of a semiconductor material that exhibits the photovoltaic effect, a method of generating electrical power by converting radiation such as solar radiation into direct current electricity. Light absorption in the semiconductor material creates energized charge carriers of opposite polarity that are collected at corresponding negative and positive electrode contacts on opposite sides of the flat panel to create a voltage that can deliver power to an external load. 

Contacts

BlackLight Power, Inc.
Beata Stepien, Assistant to Dr. Randell L. Mills
609-490-1090 Ex 146
bstepien@blacklightpower.com

==============

PS1  Is it a Fraud?

BlackLight Power, Inc. (BLP) of Cranbury, New Jersey is a company founded by Randell L. Mills, who claims to have discovered a new energy source. The purported energy source is based on Mills’ assertion that the electron in a hydrogen atom can drop below the lowest energy state known as the ground state. Mills calls the theoretical hydrogen atoms that are in an energy state below ground level, “hydrinos”. Mills self-published a closely related book,The Grand Unified Theory of Classical Physics.

The proposed theory is inconsistent with quantum mechanics. Critics say it lacks corroborating scientific evidence, and is a relic of cold fusion. Philip Warren Anderson said he is sure it’s a “fraud”, and Stephen Chu called it “extremely unlikely”. In 2009 IEEE Spectrum magazine characterized it as a “loser” technology because “Most experts don’t believe such lower states exist, and they say the experiments don’t present convincing evidence”. BlackLight has announced several times that it was about to deliver commercial products based on Mill’s theories but has not delivered a working product.

Mills claims that under controlled experiments certain chemicals may react catalytically with atomic hydrogen to generate a plasma which emits ultraviolet light. The company claims that the special plasma byproducts called “hydrinos” have been experimentally observed to have an energy state below the ground state of hydrogen.

Mills first announced his hydrino state hypothesis on April 25, 1991, in a press conference in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, as an explanation for the cold fusion phenomena that had been reported in 1989. According to Mills, no fusion was actually happening in the cells, and all the effects would be caused by shrinkage of hydrogen atoms as they fell to a state below the ground state. Mills added that the increased proximity between the atoms would cause them to fuse sporadically, and some of those atoms would be deuterium atoms (a hydrogen atom with one extra neutron), which would explain why there were occasional readings of neutrons. No experimental evidence was offered by Mills at the time to support his claims which violate accepted nuclear physics.

Model of the free and bound electron

Mills claims that Maxwell’s equations of classical physics can be applied to the electron by mathematically representing the electron as a flat disk of spinning charge. Mills’ model for the bound electron or “orbitsphere” treats the mathematical representation of the electron orbit as a “dynamic spherical shell” of zero thickness surrounding the nucleus, whereas quantum mechanics usually represents the electron orbit as an electron shell or probability wave. Mills’ model claims to provide an explanation for measured phenomena including quantization of angular momentum and magnetic moment. Unlike the accepted atomic model where electrons can only occupy whole number orbits (e.g. 1, 2, 3 where orbital 1 is the ground state), Mills’ model allows for fractional quantum orbitals between these (e.g. orbits below 1, such as 1/2, 1/3, 1/4…). Mills claims to derive “classical” orbitals from the classical nonradiation condition defined by Hermann A. Haus in 1986.

BlackLight process

According to Mills, a specific chemical process he calls “The BlackLight Process” allows a bound electron to fall to energy states below what quantum theory predicts to be possible. In the hydrogen atom, these states are postulated to have an effective radius of 1/p of the ground state radius, with p being limited by the speed of light to a positive integer less than or equal to 137. He terms these below-ground hydrogen atoms ‘hydrinos’. Mills’ mechanism consists of a non-radiative energy transfer between a hydrogen atom and a catalyst that is capable of absorbing a certain amount of energy. The total energy Mills says is released for hydrino transitions is large compared with the chemical burning of hydrogen, but less than nuclear reactions. Mills claims that limitations on confinement and terrestrial conditions have prevented the achievement of hydrino states below 1/30, which would correspond to an energy release of approximately 15 keV per hydrogen atom.

Read More >>

PS2  Navy creates ship fuel from seawater

Researchers working for the United States Navy say they are around a decade away from mastering a procedure that will make high-powered fuel for the military’s fleet of ships out of run-of-the-mill seawater. (Would there be any reason not to use this technology to produce fuel for civilian applications as well? E.g. power plants?)

The US Naval Research Laboratory’s Materials Science and Technology Division have alreadydemonstrated that a new, state-of-the-art conversion method can turn ordinary seawater into a liquid hydrocarbon fuel potent enough to power a small model aircraft. Soon, though, they say the same process will provide the Navy with a way of refueling any of its hundreds of ships at sea without relying on the comparably meager fleet of 15 military oil tankers currently tasked with delivering nearly 600 million gallons of fuel to those vessels on an annual basis.

Scientists say it will be another 10 years before ships will likely be able to successfully convert seawater into super-powerful fuel, but the technology is already being hailed as a game changer and is expected to substantially cut costs for the Pentagon.

The process at hand involves extracting carbon dioxide molecules from the ocean water outside of a ship’s hull and using it to produce hydrogen gas, “catalytically converting the CO2 and H2 into jet fuel by a gas-to-liquids process,” according to an article published this week on the Naval Research Laboratory’s website.

“The potential payoff is the ability to produce JP-5 fuel stock at sea reducing the logistics tail on fuel delivery with no environmental burden and increasing the Navy’s energy security and independence,” Dr. Heather Willauer, a research chemist who has worked on the procedure for years, explained to the NRL back in 2012. “With such a process, the Navy could avoid the uncertainties inherent in procuring fuel from foreign sources and/or maintaining long supply lines,” she said.

Two years later, Willauer’s research team says they are making substantial progress with regards to their goal of using that process to put a powerful new tool into the hands of the Navy. According to a study in the Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, the new conversion method is fuel is “game changing.”

“For us in the military, in the Navy, we have some pretty unusual and different kinds of challenges,” AFPquoted Vice Admiral Philip Cullom for an article published on Monday this week. “We don’t necessarily go to a gas station to get our fuel. Our gas station comes to us in terms of an oiler, a replenishment ship. Developing a game-changing technology like this, seawater to fuel, really is something that reinvents a lot of the way we can do business when you think about logistics, readiness.”

“It’s a huge milestone for us,” said Cullom.

When the Navy Times first wrote about the procedure in 2012 earlier on in the development process, staff writer Joshua Stewart reported that not only would the program cut costs by generating the fuel on site instead of importing it from the Pentagon’s reserves or an foreign supplier, but not bothering to stock up on gallons upon gallons of fuel — or being at the mercy of one of the military’s few oil tankers — would all together eliminate a number of the costly factors normally involved in keeping the Navy’s fleet afloat.

An analysis conducted by Willauer’s team, Stewart reported then, estimated that fuel made through the conversion process would cost between $3 and $6 per gallon, including start-up costs.

“The report cited the Navy’s 2011 average cost for JP-5 at $3.51; media reports have put that number closer to $4. These prices don’t include shipping and storage costs, which would be cut drastically or eliminated by making JP-5 at sea,” he wrote.

“Historical data suggest that in nine years, the price of fuel for the Navy could be well over the price of producing a synthetic jet fuel at sea,” agreed the authors of the Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy study.

Source >>

Scientists at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory are developing a process to extract carbon dioxide (CO2) and produce hydrogen gas (H2) from seawater, subsequently catalytically converting the CO2 and H2 into jet fuel by a gas-to-liquids process. “The potential payoff is the ability to produce JP-5 fuel stock at sea reducing the logistics tail on fuel delivery with no environmental burden and increasing the Navy’s energy security and independence,” says research chemist, Dr. Heather Willauer. NRL has successfully developed and demonstrated technologies for the recovery of CO2 and the production of H2 from seawater using an electrochemical acidification cell, and the conversion of CO2 and H2 to hydrocarbons (organic compounds consisting of hydrogen and carbon) that can be used to produce jet fuel. “The reduction and hydrogenation of CO2 to form hydrocarbons is accomplished using a catalyst that is similar to those used for Fischer-Tropsch reduction and hydrogenation of carbon monoxide,” adds Willauer. “By modifying the surface composition of iron catalysts in fixed-bed reactors, NRL has successfully improved CO2 conversion efficiencies up to 60 percent.” - See more at: http://www.nrl.navy.mil/media/news-releases/2012/fueling-the-fleet-navy-looks-to-the-seas#sthash.9S0vbUTt.dpuf

A Renewable Resource

CO₂ is an abundant carbon (C) resource in the air and in seawater, with the concentration in the ocean about 140 times greater than that in air. Two to three percent of the CO₂ in seawater is dissolved CO₂ gas in the form of carbonic acid, one percent is carbonate, and the remaining 96 to 97 percent is bound in bicarbonate. If processes are developed to take advantage of the higher weight per volume concentration of CO₂ in seawater, coupled with more efficient catalysts for the heterogeneous catalysis of CO₂ and H₂, a viable sea-based synthetic fuel process can be envisioned. “With such a process, the Navy could avoid the uncertainties inherent in procuring fuel from foreign sources and/or maintaining long supply lines,” Willauer said.NRL has made significant advances developing carbon capture technologies in the laboratory. In the summer of 2009 a standard commercially available chlorine dioxide cell and an electro-deionization cell were modified to function as electrochemical acidification cells. Using the novel cells both dissolved and bound CO₂ were recovered from seawater by re-equilibrating carbonate and bicarbonate to CO₂ gas at a seawater pH below 6. In addition to CO₂, the cells produced H₂ at the cathode as a by-product. - See more at: http://www.nrl.navy.mil/media/news-releases/2012/fueling-the-fleet-navy-looks-to-the-seas#sthash.9S0vbUTt.dpuf